Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and risk factors for its progression: a cross-sectional comparison of Indians living in Indian versus U.S. cities

Anand, Shuchi ; Kondal, Dimple ; Montez-Rath, Maria ; Zheng, Yuanchao ; Shivashankar, Roopa ; Singh, Kalpana ; Gupta, Priti ; Gupta, Ruby ; Ajay, Vamadevan S. ; Mohan, Viswanathan ; Pradeepa, Rajendra ; Tandon, Nikhil ; Ali, Mohammed K. ; Narayan, K. M. Venkat ; Chertow, Glenn M. ; Kandula, Namratha ; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj ; Kanaya, Alka M. (2017) Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and risk factors for its progression: a cross-sectional comparison of Indians living in Indian versus U.S. cities PLoS One, 12 (3). Article ID e0173554, 14 pages. ISSN 1932-6203

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Official URL: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.137...

Related URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173554

Abstract

Background: While data from the latter part of the twentieth century consistently showed that immigrants to high-income countries faced higher cardio-metabolic risk than their counterparts in low- and middle-income countries, urbanization and associated lifestyle changes may be changing these patterns, even for conditions considered to be advanced manifestations of cardio-metabolic disease (e.g. Chronic Kidney Disease [CKD]). Methods and Findings: Using cross-sectional data from the Center for cArdiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS, n = 5294) and Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA, n = 748) studies, we investigated whether prevalence of CKD is similar among Indians living in Indian and U.S. cities. We compared crude, age-, waist-to-height ratio- and diabetes-adjusted CKD prevalence difference. Among participants identified to have CKD, we compared management of risk factors for its progression. Overall age-adjusted prevalence of CKD was similar in MASALA (14.0% [95% CI 11.8–16.3]) compared with CARRS (10.8% [95% CI 10.0–11.6]). Among men the prevalence difference was low (prevalence difference 1.8 [95% CI -1.6,5.3]) and remained low after adjustment for age, waist-to-height ratio, and diabetes status (-0.4 [-3.2,2.5]). Adjusted prevalence difference was higher among women (prevalence difference 8.9 [4.8,12.9]), but driven entirely by a higher prevalence of albuminuria among women in MASALA. Severity of CKD-i.e., degree of albuminuria and proportion of participants with reduced glomerular filtration fraction-was higher in CARRS for both men and women. Fewer participants with CKD in CARRS were effectively treated. 4% of CARRS versus 51% of MASALA participants with CKD had A1c < 7%; and 7% of CARRS versus 59% of MASALA participants blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg. Our analysis applies only to urban populations. Demographic-particularly educational attainment—-differences among participants in the two studies are a potential source of bias. Conclusions: Prevalence of CKD among Indians living in Indian and U.S. cities is similar. Persons with CKD living in Indian cities face higher likelihood of experiencing end-stage renal disease since they have more severe kidney disease and little evidence of risk factor management.

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ID Code:106830
Deposited On:27 Jun 2017 17:12
Last Modified:27 Jun 2017 17:13

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