Prevalence and analysis of t (14; 18) and t (11; 14) chromosomal translocations in healthy Indian population

Abstract

Hematopoietic malignancies like leukemia and lymphoma are characteristically associated with various chromosomal translocations. Follicular Lymphoma (FL) and Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) are two subtypes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma which possess t (14;18) and t (11;14) translocations, respectively. The incidence of FL and MCL is higher in the western countries as compared to India. Interestingly, the associated translocations are also found in healthy individuals in western population, which is 50–80 % for t (14;18), whereas t (11;14) occurs at a very low frequency. However, there are no studies to explore these translocations in healthy Indian population, which could explain the lower incidence of FL and MCL. We employed Southern hybridization following nested PCR to detect above translocations in healthy individuals from India. Our results suggest that this assay can detect one t (14;18) translocation event in up to 107 normal cells where as one t (11;14) in 10⁸ normal cells. According to our results, 87 out of 253 individuals carry t (14;18) indicating 34% prevalence in the population. The presence of this translocation was also detectable at the transcript level. Although, no gender-based difference was observed, an age-dependent increase in the prevalence of translocation was found in adults. However, even after studying 210 people, we could not detect any t (11;14) translocation, indicating that it is uncommon in Indian population. These results suggest that lower incidence of FL and MCL in India could be attributed to lower prevalence of these translocations in healthy individuals.