Néel to staggered dimer order transition in a generalized honeycomb lattice Heisenberg model

Abstract

We study a generalized honeycomb lattice spin-1/2 Heisenberg model with nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic two-spin exchange, and competing four-spin interactions which serve to stabilize a staggered dimer state which breaks lattice rotational symmetry. Using a combination of quantum Monte Carlo numerics, spin wave theory, and bond operator theory, we show that this model undergoes a strong first-order transition between a Néel state and a staggered dimer state upon increasing the strength of the four-spin interactions. We attribute the strong first-order character of this transition to the spinless nature of the core of point-like Z₃ vortices obtained in the staggered dimer state. Unlike in the case of a columnar dimer state, disordering such vortices in the staggered dimer state does not naturally lead to magnetic order, suggesting that, in this model, the dimer and Néel order parameters should be thought of as independent fields as in conventional Landau theory.