Atomically precise silver clusters for efficient chlorocarbon degradation

Abstract

We describe the degradation of chlorocarbons (CCl4, C6H5CH2Cl and CHCl3) in solution at room temperature (27 ± 4 °C) by the monolayer-protected silver quantum cluster, Ag9MSA7 (MSA: mercaptosuccinic acid) in the presence of isopropyl alcohol (IPA). The main degradation products were silver chloride and amorphous carbon. Benzyl chloride was less reactive towards clusters than CCl4 and CHCl3. Materials used in the reactions and the reaction products were characterized using several spectroscopic and microscopic tools such as ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis) absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We have shown that clusters are more efficient for the degradation of halocarbons than the corresponding monolayer-protected nanoparticles (Ag@MSA, particle diameter 15 ± 5 nm) at a given time and temperature. The higher reactivity of clusters is attributed to their small size and large surface area. Clusters and nanoparticles were used for reactions in supported (on neutral alumina) and unsupported forms. A possible mechanism for the reaction has been postulated on the basis of experimental results.