Scavenger receptors: a key player in cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

The scavenger receptor (SR) super family consists of inte-gral membrane glycoproteins that are involved in recognition of polyanionic structures of either endogenous (e.g., oxi-dized low-density lipoprotein) or exogenous (e.g., bacterial lipopolysaccharides) origin. SRs are structurally diverse and can be classifi ed into seven different classes (A – G) based on the multidomain structure of the individual members. SRs are present on various types of tissues, such as vascular, adipose, and steroidogenic tissues. In addition to modifi ed lipoprotein uptake, these proteins are also known to regulate apoptotic cell clearance, initiate signal transduction, and serve as pat-tern recognition receptors for pathogens. Different SRs are involved in many physiological and pathological processes; more importantly, the function of SRs is highly implicated in the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic plaque. Targeting the SR gene products that mediate the response to and uptake of modifi ed lipids holds great promise in the pre-vention of cardiovascular diseases. Inhibition of SR expres-sion using a combined gene therapy and RNA interference strategy also appears to be an option for long-term therapy. The present review focuses on the involvement of SRs in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and other cardiovascular dis-eases. Moreover, the role of SRs is not restricted to vascular lesions; it is also implicated in a number of different cellular functions.