Transition of crack from type IV to type II resulting from improved utilization of boron in the modified 9Cr-1Mo steel weldment

Abstract

The roles of boron and heat-treatment temperature in improving the type IV cracking resistance of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel weldment were studied. Two different heats of P91 steel, one without boron, designated as P91 and the other with controlled addition of boron with very low nitrogen, designated as P91B, were melted for the current study. The addition of Boron to modified 9Cr-1Mo steel has increased the resistance against softening in Fine-grained Heat-affected Zones (FGHAZ) and Intercritical Heat-affected Zones (ICHAZ) of the weldment. Creep rupture life of boron containing modified 9Cr-1Mo steel weldment, prepared from 1423 K (1150°C) normalized base metal, was found to be much higher than that prepared from 1323 K (1050°C) normalized base metal because of the stabilization of lath martensite by fine M₂₃C₆ precipitates. This finding is in contrast to the reduction in creep rupture life of P91 weldment prepared from 1423 K (1150°C) normalized base metal compared with that of the weldment prepared from 1323 K (1050°C) normalized base metal. The trace of failure path from the weld metal to ICHAZ in P91B weldment was indicative of type II failure in contrast to type IV failure outside the HAZ and base metal junction in P91 weldment, which suggested that boron strengthened the microstructure of the HAZ, whereby the utilization of boron at a higher normalizing temperature seemed to be significantly greater than that at the lower normalizing temperature.